The aim of this article is to explore the past, to deal with the present and to try to foresee the future of cropping and docking the Doberman. It is strange to think that the future of our breed lies between the two edges of the dog, the ears and the tail.

In our collective memory, we have and we shall have forever the mental image of a cropped and docked Doberman. Even Doberman clubs from countries that outlawed cropping such as Norway and Finland has on their clubs badges, the image of a cropped Doberman. Interesting isn’t it ?

Let us look back at the “good old days”, when we had the freedom to crop anything that could be cropped. Ear cropping began centuries ago as a preventive measure because in those times, there were no antibiotics for infections or anesthesias and no veterinary surgeons to repair cuts, wounds and infections. The practical dog breeders learned to remove those portions of a puppy’s anatomy that had the tendency for tearing; they cropped ears, docked tails, and removed dewclaws.

Looking at the photos of the early-cropped breeds we can see that all early ear crops were short and crude.

Today, thanks to modern medicine, it is very easy to crop ears; nevertheless, it still requires the hand of an expert, for ears cropping is varied from one breed to another. In the FCI list of purebred dogs, there are more than 100 breeds that are customarily cropped. Those who oppose ear cropping claim that it is pure cosmetic surgery, and that it has nothing to do with the dog's health.

Now let us try to answer the “one million dollars question” that people always ask and probably will ask in the future: why are Doberman’s ears cropped? Well, I believe that Louis Doberman, the founder of the breed, and many other early breeders had the vision of breed with standing natural ears. If you can not get natural standing ears, the aim justifies the means; you achieve your desired goal by cropping. So they created a Doberman with cropped ears; ears that prevented infections and at the same time improved the silhouette of their new breed.

Cropped ears create an alert expression and menacing appearance that brought the Doberman more fanciers. So we have learned that ear cropping was very popular in the early days and the Doberman was no exception, however if we look at the Bull Terrier history, a cropped breed that was created for fighting dog sport, once the breeders could get by selecting breeding small erect ears they stopped cropping.

The late Herman Palmer, from the “Von Furstenfeld” kennel, told me many years ago that he played with the idea to cross the Doberman with the ancient Pharaoh Hound breed (a breed with standing natural ears), and to create a Doberman with natural standing ears, but as far as I know he has not done it. England and all the Scandinavian countries have, since the early years of the 21^st century, enforced a legislation that prohibits dog cropping and docking. This legislation prohibits showing cropped and docked dogs in dog shows as well.
Recently, Holland joined these countries.

Starting in 2002,showing cropped and docked dogs in dog shows in Germany will be prohibited. On the other hand an attempt to apply this legislation in Italy failed. I don’t believe that the following countries will join this prohibition : France, Portugal, Russia and the rest of new republics in central Europe, and all South America countries.

There are almost 100 breeds that are traditionally docked. Docking is done when the puppies are 2 - 4 days of age. It has been scientifically established that the nerves in tail are not activated and the puppies feel no pain whatsoever. To those people who claim that dog uses his tail for balance and communication, the answer is very simple; puppies of any breed that have been docked have not encountered any problems with balance or communication...

The reason for docking Doberman is very simple. The Doberman used to be a police and service dog and by docking the tail we prevented the criminal from grabbing the dog by his tail during action. In his book “The Doberman Pinscher” , in the 1959 edition, Philipp Gruennig disclosed that, in the past, there were Dobermans that were born with “Bob Tail” (a natural short tail). However, these blood lines were lost because the Doberman breeders concentrated their breeding efforts to improve the production of deep tan markings instead.

The European convention for protection of pet animals that was held in Strasbourg, France in 13/11/1987, calls for the prohibition against tail docking, ear cropping and removal of dew claws. It also deals with many other aspects of keeping and breeding animals.

Although it calls for the prohibition of docking and cropping, it also specifically recognizes the rights of nations that otherwise accept the Convention to reserve their position on this issue. Unfortunately many governments ratified these Convention resolutions and the result is prohibition against docking, cropping and showing cropped and docked dogs. In Britain the prestigious Royal College of Veterinary Surgeon decided not to press for Britain to sign up the controversial European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals.

Today Europe. Tomorrow? Any American, Canadian or Australian dog lovers believing they are safe from those seeking to ban tail docking or ears cropping, may be interested to know what their veterinary associations have to say on the matter.

• In the USA, the Association of Veterinarians for Animal Rights opposes to various surgeries done to meet “breed standards”.

• In Canada, the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association also opposes surgical alteration of any animal, for cosmetic purposes.

• In Australia, the Australian Veterinary Association calls on the states to ban cosmetic operations.

When the “flood” started and more countries adopted the anti cropping and docking legislation, the World Kennel Club, FCI initiated an elegant, wise step to meet the new challenge. The Standard Committee of the FCI stating published a circular:

“The fact that in more than a hundred breeds ears are either cropped or uncropped and tails docked or left their natural length should no longer influence the judgement at any exhibitions (National, International and World). All shapes should be judged without distinction since the cropping of ears and docking of tails are, in some countries, legally prohibited. The judgement, however takes into account whether the ears are well-cropped or not, whether the natural shapes and carriage of the ears in accordance with the standard and whether the tails are either correctly docked or the tails correctly carried.”

This circular is a preliminary step but it does not solve the many problems and questions that have been raised by the anti-cropping and docking legislation. The FCI (Federation Cynological International) or the World Kennel Club customarily recognizes the breed standard that is recognized by the leading non-organizations (the AKC and the English Kennel Club). Under the FCI jurisdiction only the national club of the country of the origin has the authority to alter the breed standard. The German Doberman (Dobermann-Verein e.v.) - the standard-patron of the Doberman, is the only organization that authorized to alter the Doberman standard.

Let's see what changes have been inserted in the Doberman standard re-ears and tails.

• In the 1994 standard under the ears paragraph it is written: “The ear, which is set high, is carried erect and cropped to a length in proportion to the head. In a country where cropping is not permitted the uncropped ear is equally recognized (Medium size preferred and with the front edge lying close to the cheeks).

• Here the standard provides us with reasonable answers in accordance with the spirit of the FCI standards committee circular. Re-Tails it is written: “It is high set and docked short whereby approximately two tail vertebrae remain visible. In countries where docking is legally not permitted the tail may remain natural”.

• Here the standard also follows the spirit of the above-mentioned circular, however it does not disclose us any specific details such as: what is natural, what is the desired length of the tail, what is the tail’s shape, etc.

So far so good. The fact that cropped ears and docked tails are not included under the disqualifying fault paragraph gives us some hope for the future.

To conclude, let us all hope that docked tails and cropped ears will not be defined by the standard- patron, the German Doberman Club, as disqualifying faults; this might be a “coup de grace” for the Doberman breed.

If worse comes to worst, we shall have to put extreme efforts into breeding Dobermans with small ears or we shall have to search for the natural standing ears.

Re-tails, we don’t know yet what will be the shape or the length of the tails. Shall we breed for the German Shepherd type tail? Than we shall have to look for a long, slanted croup,

or

Shall we breed for the curled tail that occurs in two basic varieties: single and double curl over the back, with many variations?

It is well known in the breeding field that ounce you try to improve something in the dog you may loose something else, this what happens in the sport of the pure-bred dogs.

As you are already aware of the many problems that lay ahead of us and I have not even scratched the bottom of the “barrel” yet. Let us be optimistic and face the future with a positive hope.

The fact that in many counties, Dobermans nowadays are being shown uncropped and undocked in the dog shows, can affect the judging and the handling methods. Natural ears change the silhouette of the head; the head appears broader at the base of the skull, and less cone-shaped due to the natural hanging ear when judging uncropped Dobermans. It is easier to see clearly the parallel lines in the head while judging a cropped Doberman, part of the skull between the ears remains invisible in profile because of the cropped ears. The smart professional handler always lifts the natural ears up in order to emphasize the correct shape of skull and the parallel lines, by doing this it improves the expression as well.

Being a specialist Doberman judge and FCI International All Breeds Dog Judge, let me share with you my judging experiences. My first overseas judging assignment was in South Africa, here most of the handlers lifted the ears in order to enable me to see the real shape of the head, those who did not do so, were requested kindly by me to lift up the ears.

So far I have judged many uncropped and undocked Doberman in the Scandinavian countries, I know exactly what to look for, but maybe the fact of being an All Breed Dog Judge, who uses to various forms of silhouettes ears shapes etc, helps me to absorb the new changes in the Doberman silhouette, but this will never change my intimate mental image of the cropped and docked Doberman with a piercing expression that radiates alertness.

In one of my Scandinavian shows I met an exhibitor who shoved the long tail into his jacket sleeve, but of course he could not run... Training new judges to the breed can be a little complicated for these new judges may get as a matter of course the new image of the Doberman, and thus they may have the wrong idea of the correct Doberman head.

Whenever I see my “ ideal Doberman” in the ring, or outside, it is like having a “Mental orgasm”.

The Doberman has a rich and interesting past, but the question is, does he have a future? Does the metamorphosis that the Doberman is now undergoing, affect the popularity of the breed? That is the “one million dollar question”...

What is a Doberman?

My answer is very simple; the Doberman is everything that the people expect him to be, whether he is cropped or uncropped, whether he is docked or undocked...